Understanding Voltage, Resistance, and Power in a Glass Heater Circuit

https://heating-element-insights.westhavenscope.com/posts/pi-heater-design-factors-for-better-temperature-uniformity

In camera windows, a glass heater must deliver heat in a controlled way. It uses a glass panel combined with a conductive heating layer or heater element. One useful trait is anti-fog capability. Still, thermal stress can change the result